Why is it that I can have allergies, causing me to sneeze, when visiting Japan but not here?

— Kelly, Eleanor Roosevelt College

Allergic Rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the upper airways caused by inhaled allergens. Allergens are airborne proteins found in the everyday environment (this may explain the absence of your symptoms in San Diego). The most common symptoms are severe itching of ears, nose, eyes and/or throat and sneezing.

Seasonal allergens cause allergy symptoms during spring, summer and fall when the trees, grasses and weeds are pollinating.

Perennial allergens are found inside the home environment. Dust mites, mold spores, pet dander and cockroaches carry allergens. When an allergen is inhaled, the body responds by releasing a histamine that triggers an inflammatory response — this is why we take antihistamines (i.e. Benadryl) — resulting in clinical symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis.

There are also irritants in the environment like smoke and pollution, of which Japan is a top polluter, that can worsen symptoms.

If symptoms are mild or irregular, antihistamines (Chlor-trimeton, Benadryl) are a solid choice. Be aware of the drowsiness effect and read the label carefully for drug interactions. For others, like myself, who suffer from chronic allergies, a prescription oral medication (Allegra, Claritin, Zyrtec) or nasal spray (Flonase, Nasacort AQ, Nasonex) can provide significantly better relief without causing drowsiness. A visit to the doctor is required.

What is the safest method for tanning during the winter?

— Anonymous

There is no safe method for tanning! Skin cancer is on the rise in this country and will only increase and grow more aggressive as we continue to negatively impact our environment. One out of every eight people will have some form of skin cancer in their lives. Sun protection in SPF 30 is recommended for everyday use on exposed areas on the body. Light-complicated skin types are most at risk for skin cancer and are strongly encouraged to protect themselves, especially living in a sunny town like San Diego.

Indoor tanning is responsible for producing three times the amount of abnormal cell growth than produced during outdoor tanning. This means a hastened risk of cancer. Smoking while in the sun produces toxic effects. Smoking interacts with the sun to amplify the harmful effects increasing the threat of cancer.